师说心语 | Mr. Mishra告诉你生物学的职业道路有多宽广
Pursuing a career in biology can be immensely rewarding and exciting. Studying biology teaches us to ask questions, make observations, evaluate evidence, and solve problems.
从事生物学方面的工作是一件让人有成就感和令人兴奋的。学习生物学教会我们提问、观察、评估证据和解决问题。
Biologists learn how living things work, how they interact with one another, and how they evolve. They may study the evolution, natural history, and conservation of plants and animals; investigate the interactions of living organisms with light, the environment, or each other; or have careers in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, or medical research.
生物学家学习生物如何生活，如何相互作用，如何进化的问题。他们会研究进化、自然史和动植物保护；研究生物体与光、环境或彼此之间的相互作用；或者从事制药、生物技术或医学研究。
Their work increases our understanding about the natural world in which we live and helps us address issues of personal well being and worldwide concern, such as environmental degradation, threats to human health, and maintaining viable and abundant food supplies.
他们的工作提高了我们对自己所生活的自然世界的了解，帮助我们解决个人福祉和全世界关注的问题，如环境退化、对人类健康的威胁以及维持可行和丰富的粮食供应。
What do biologists do?
In general, there are several career paths you can follow as a biologist, including:
一般来说，作为生物学家，你可以选择以下几种职业道路：
Research: Research biologists study the natural world, using the latest scientific tools and techniques in both laboratory settings and the natural environment, to understand how living systems work. Many work in exotic locations around the world, and what they discover increases our understanding of biology and may be put to practical use to find solutions to specific problems.
研究:研究生物学家研究自然界，利用最新的科学工具和技术，在实验室环境和自然环境中，了解生物系统是如何工作的。许多人在世界各地的异国他乡工作，他们的发现增进了我们对生物学的理解，并可能被实际运用于寻找解决具体问题的方法。
Health care: Biologists may develop public health campaigns to defeat illnesses such as tuberculosis, AIDS, cancer, and heart disease. Others work to prevent the spread of rare, deadly diseases, such as the now infamous Ebola virus. Veterinarians tend to sick and injured animals, and doctors, dentists, nurses, and other health care professionals maintain the general health and well being of their patients.
卫生保健:生物学家可以开展公共卫生运动，以战胜疾病，如结核病、艾滋病、癌症和心脏病。其他的工作是防止罕见的致命疾病的传播，比如现在臭名昭著的埃博拉病毒，兽医照顾生病和受伤的动物，医生、牙医、护士和其他医护人员维护病人的整体健康和幸福。
Many of these careers require additional education and training past undergraduate college, but these positions are usually in high demand both in the US and abroad.
这些职业中有许多需要在本科毕业后接受额外的教育和培训，但这些职位通常在美国和海外都有很高的需求。
Additionally, biologists in the health care field can choose to work for organizations like the Peace Corps and Doctors Without Borders, which help bring much-needed health care services to less developed and/or war-impacted regions.
此外，卫生保健领域的生物学家可以选择为和平队和无国界医生等组织工作，这些组织为欠发达和/或受战争影响的地区提供急需的卫生保健服务。
Environmental management and conservation: Biologists in management and conservation careers are interested in solving environmental problems and conserving the natural world for future generations. Park rangers protect state and national parks, help preserve their natural resources, and educate the general public.
环境管理和保护:从事管理和保护工作的生物学家热衷于解决环境问题，保护世界自然资源。园林管理员保护州公园和国家公园，帮助保护自然资源及濒危物种。
Education: Life science educators enjoy working with people and encouraging them to learn new things, whether in a classroom, a research lab, the field, or a museum.
生命科学教育工作者喜欢与人合作，鼓励他们学习新事物，无论是在教室、研究实验室、野外还是博物馆。
Other directions in biological careers: There are many careers for biologists who want to combine their scientific training with interests in other fields. Here are some examples:
对于那些想要把自己学到科学技术和其他领域的兴趣结合起来的生物学家来说，他们的职业方向还有很多，比如：
Biotechnology:
Biologists apply scientific principles to develop and enhance products, tools, and technological advances in fields such as agriculture, food science, and medicine.
Scientists in this field may work in genetic engineering, pharmaceutical development, or medical technologies (such as nanomedicine), or as a lab technician or technologist.
生物技术:生物学家应用科学原理开发和提高农业、食品科学和医学等领域的产品、工具和技术进步。这一领域的科学家可能从事基因工程、药物开发或医疗技术(如纳米医学)，或成为实验室技术员或技术人员。
Forensic science:
Forensic biologists work with police departments and other law enforcement agencies using scientific methods to discover and process evidence that can be used to solve crimes. Biologists in forensic science often choose a specialty, such as forensic odontology, forensic anthropology, crime scene examination, or with additional education and training-medical examiner.
法医科学:法医生物学家与警察部门和其他执法机构合作，使用科学方法发现和处理可用于破案的证据。法医学领域的生物学家通常会选择一个专业，比如法医牙科学、法医人类学、犯罪现场检查，或者通过额外的教育和培训成为法医。
Politics and policy: Science advisors work with lawmakers to create new legislation on topics such as biomedical research and environmental protection. Their input is essential, ensuring that decisions are based upon solid science. Professional biologists can serve as policy advocates for scientific organizations or non-profits, political advisors at the state or national level, or even as a representative serving on a political committee or working group.
政治与政策:科学顾问与立法者合作，就生物医学研究和环境保护等议题制定新的立法。他们的投入至关重要，确保决策建立在坚实的科学基础之上。专业的生物学家可以作为科学组织或非营利组织的政策倡导者、州或国家一级的政治顾问，甚至可以作为政治委员会或工作组的代表。
Business and industry: Biologists work with drug companies and providers of scientific products and services to research and test new products. They may also work in sales, marketing, and public relations positions.
商业和工业:生物学家与制药公司和科学产品及服务提供商合作，研究和测试新产品。他们也可能从事销售、市场营销和公共关系方面的工作。
Economics: Trained professionals work with the government and other organizations to study and address the economic impacts of biological issues, such as species extinctions, forest protection, and environmental pollution.
经济学:训练有素的专业人士与政府和其他组织合作，研究和解决生物问题的经济影响，如物种灭绝、森林保护和环境污染。
Mathematics: Biologists in fields such as bioinformatics and computational biology apply mathematical techniques to solve biological problems, such as modeling ecosystem processes and gene sequencing.
数学:生物信息学和计算生物学等领域的生物学家应用数学技术解决生物问题，如生态系统过程建模和基因测序。
Science writing and communication: Journalists and writers with a science background inform the general public about relevant and emerging biological issues.
科学写作和传播:具有科学背景的记者和作家向公众介绍相关和正在出现的生物学问题。
Art: All of the illustrations in your biology textbook, as well as in newspaper and magazine science articles, were created by talented artists with a thorough understanding of biology. Individuals in this field may be employed by magazines and journals (e.g., Scientific American), museums and aquaria, hospitals and medical training centers, or even state and local government agencies.
艺术:你的生物课本上的所有插图，以及报纸和杂志上的科学文章，都是由对生物学有深刻理解的天才艺术家创作的。在这一领域的个人可以受雇于杂志和期刊(如《科学美国人》)、博物馆和水族馆、医院和医疗培训中心，甚至州和地方政府机构。
References :https://www.aibs.org/careers/
Compiled by Mr Amit Mishra
Translated by Tang Yufei PAL 3
